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Online ISSN: 2543-912X ; The article discusses the issues of employee financial participation in Baltic states which differs and depends on political, legal and economic preconditions. The aim of the research is to analyse employee financial participation as an instrument for collaboration in companies and a new social cooperation model in the Baltic states. The qualitative research was conducted by telephone and e-mail in 2016. The interviews were carried out with the experts (academics, civil servants, lawyers and human resource consultants working in a relevant field) as well some trade union and company representatives. In general, the new policy for supporting employee financial participation has been renewed in Latvia and Lithuania. It started recently with the revision of the legislative framework that was initially established during the privatisation period. The revision of the Law of Companies was driven by the business interest (to have a new effective human resource management tool or to transfer employee share plans from parent companies in Western countries to subsidiaries in the Baltic states) to introduce (or revise, in the case of Lithuania) new employee share ownership (ESO) plans. The research has also proven that there are common similarities in the use of employee financial participation plans despite the existing differences which are based on national features, such as tax and legal regimes, historical development patterns, or economic and structural factors ; Klaipėdos universitetas ; Viešojo administravimo katedra ; Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas

The research of citizen satisfaction in public services gained new relevance in Lithuania in 2009, when the Ministry of Interior added the assessment of customer satisfaction in public services as an instrument of public management quality policy. The paper seeks to answer how this top-down initiative is applied in practice and what kinds of problems arise. The object of analysis in the paper are two independent researches related to the assessment of satisfaction in public services, which were conducted in Kaunas in 2013 and produced markedly different results. The paper is based on the case of the assessment of the Customer Satisfaction Index of Kaunas City Centre of Social Services (CSS), which aims to uncover the factors that determined the disparity in the results. The analysis of the calculation methods for the satisfaction index of the services provided by the CSS has revealed that the methodology approved by the Lithuanian Minister of the Interior can be utilized at the municipal level for the satisfaction in general services used by the majority of city residents. The municipalities, which conduct centralized assessment of public services and wish to ensure objectivity must control that the satisfaction index indicator includes only the customers who have used the service. However, in this case one would face increased financial costs, which rise due to the process of ensuring the involvement of customers who have used services provided by separate institutions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.14.1.11413 ; Nuo 2009 m. Lietuvoje piliečių pasitenkinimo viešosiomis paslaugomis tyrimai tapo naujai aktualūs. Tuo metu Vidaus reikalų ministerija, siekdama skatinti į vartotoją orientuotą požiūrį, kaip viešojo valdymo kokybės politikos priemonę įtraukė vartotojų pasitenkinimo viešosiomis paslaugomis vertinimą. Straipsnyje siekiama atsakyti į klausimą, kaip ši iš viršaus į apačią nuleista iniciatyva taikoma praktikoje ir su kokiomis problemomis susiduriama. Straipsnio analizės objektu tapo 2013 m. Kaune ...

The impact of interbudgetary redistribution of funds on the financial independence of local authorities is analysed in this article. The authors argue that interbudgetary redistribution of funds in Lithuania proves to be the important mean retaining the dominance of central government's on the local finances. Transfer payments from the state budget reflect the central government's policy towards local governments. Financial transfers from the state budget reinforce the role of the state institutions in the sub national finances field and restrict the financial independence of local governments. Besides this fact, local budget income equalization and revenue redistribution through the state budget does not contribute to the natural development of local financial system. Current problems, their consequences and possible solutions for increasing local financial independence had been analyzed in the article. In order to explore the practice of interbudgetary redistribution in the context of public finance system, categories of the institutionalism theory was chosen. Institutionalism provides a framework for defining the logic of state and local government institutions interaction in the process of allocating resources. Article explores the institutional interests and institutional conflicts in Lithuanian public finance institutional field. The main conflict arenas are defined as follows: redistribution of local governments' revenues through the state budget; the domination of special grants in local budgets revenue structure; and special grants for investment projects. ; Straipsnyje analizuojama tarpbiudžetinio lėšų perskirstymo įtaka Lietuvos savivaldybių finansiniam savarankiškumui. Akcentuojama, kad tarpbiudžetinis lėšų perskirstymas Lietuvoje pasireiškia kaip centrinės valdžios dominavimo vietos finansų srityje užtikrinimo priemonė, o transferiniai išmokėjimai iš valstybės biudžeto atspindi jos politiką vietos savivaldos atžvilgiu, kadangi valstybės biudžeto finansiniai transferai stiprina valstybės valdžios institucijų vaidmenį subnacionalinių finansų srityje ir tokiu būdu riboja vietos savivaldybių finansinį savarankiškumą. Todėl pagrindinis dėmesys straipsnyje sutelkiamas į tarpbiudžetinio lėšų perskirstymo poveikį subnacionalinių institucijų finansiniam savarankiškumui. Analizuojamos esamų problemų priežastys ir jų padariniai savivaldybių finansiniam savarankiškumui bei galimi sprendimų būdai. Tarpbiudžetinio lėšų perskirstymo praktikos analizei pasirinktos institucionalizmo teorijos kategorijos, leidžiančios nusakyti valstybės ir vietos savivaldos institucijų sąveikos logiką išteklių paskirstymo procese. Nagrinėjami Lietuvos viešųjų finansų institucinio lauko instituciniai interesai ir instituciniai konfliktai. Kaip pagrindinės konfliktų arenos išskiriamos savivaldybių biudžetų pajamų perskirstymas per valstybės biudžetą, specialiųjų tikslinių dotacijų dominavimas savivaldybių biudžetų pajamų struktūroje ir specialios tikslinės dotacijos valstybės investicijų programoje numatytiems projektams finansuoti.

The article develops and tests a comprehensive background explaining the decision to measure public service performance by conducting citizen surveys. Citizen surveys frequently measure service use in terms of quality or satisfaction. However, little attention has been paid to the relationship between public service use/ satisfaction and service space in geographic-urban and social dimensions. Using data from Lithuanian cities Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipeda we examine relationship between city space factors and perceived public service performance for provision on the basic urban service.

The aim is to evaluate the economic value of volunteering for GDP in Lithuania in 2010. Researches on the volunteering are very limited in Lithuania. The economic value of volunteer work was not analysed at all. Political interest in this area was shown in 2011 being the International Y ear of volunteers. The main aim of this article is to measure the economic value of volunteer work in Lithuania. The authors used a cost replacement approach and the Manual on the measurement of volunteer work presented by the International Labour Organization. The first point of research was to analyse all the data necessary for the measurement. Lithuanian national account system (Statistics Lithuania) does not include the data on volunteer work, but only the data on labour force. It is evident that the recommendation given by the International Labour Organization to collect the data on volunteer work as additional to the labour force platform could be the cheapest way. But the political decision is still open to discussion. Despite the limited national official data the authors took the data from the Public Opinion Analysis sector of the European Commission. The value of GDP and value of average wage were taken from Statistics Lithuania. The number of volunteers has been taken from Standard Eurobarometer (73). The number of hours volunteered through organizations comes from Second European Quality of Life Survey Participation volunteering and unpaid work. The main disadvantage of this study is the measurement that is based on average wage only, excluding the data in different sectors. Lack of data causes this limitation. Application of cost replacement approach shows that 339569 volunteers worked 1 213 9585 full working days, which makes 47794 full time equivalents, and financial replacement value correspond to 1 406 249 480 litas (40728000 EURO), or 1,5 % of GDP into 2010. [.].

The article develops and tests a comprehensive background explaining the decision to measure public service performance by conducting citizen surveys. Citizen surveys frequently measure service use in terms of quality or satisfaction. However, little attention has been paid to the relationship between public service use/ satisfaction and service space in geographic-urban and social dimensions. Using data from Lithuanian cities Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipeda we examine relationship between city space factors and perceived public service performance for provision on the basic urban service.

The aim is to evaluate the economic value of volunteering for GDP in Lithuania in 2010. Researches on the volunteering are very limited in Lithuania. The economic value of volunteer work was not analysed at all. Political interest in this area was shown in 2011 being the International Y ear of volunteers. The main aim of this article is to measure the economic value of volunteer work in Lithuania. The authors used a cost replacement approach and the Manual on the measurement of volunteer work presented by the International Labour Organization. The first point of research was to analyse all the data necessary for the measurement. Lithuanian national account system (Statistics Lithuania) does not include the data on volunteer work, but only the data on labour force. It is evident that the recommendation given by the International Labour Organization to collect the data on volunteer work as additional to the labour force platform could be the cheapest way. But the political decision is still open to discussion. Despite the limited national official data the authors took the data from the Public Opinion Analysis sector of the European Commission. The value of GDP and value of average wage were taken from Statistics Lithuania. The number of volunteers has been taken from Standard Eurobarometer (73). The number of hours volunteered through organizations comes from Second European Quality of Life Survey Participation volunteering and unpaid work. The main disadvantage of this study is the measurement that is based on average wage only, excluding the data in different sectors. Lack of data causes this limitation. Application of cost replacement approach shows that 339569 volunteers worked 1 213 9585 full working days, which makes 47794 full time equivalents, and financial replacement value correspond to 1 406 249 480 litas (40728000 EURO), or 1,5 % of GDP into 2010. [.].

The article develops and tests a comprehensive background explaining the decision to measure public service performance by conducting citizen surveys. Citizen surveys frequently measure service use in terms of quality or satisfaction. However, little attention has been paid to the relationship between public service use/ satisfaction and service space in geographic-urban and social dimensions. Using data from Lithuanian cities Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipeda we examine relationship between city space factors and perceived public service performance for provision on the basic urban service.

The aim is to evaluate the economic value of volunteering for GDP in Lithuania in 2010. Researches on the volunteering are very limited in Lithuania. The economic value of volunteer work was not analysed at all. Political interest in this area was shown in 2011 being the International Y ear of volunteers. The main aim of this article is to measure the economic value of volunteer work in Lithuania. The authors used a cost replacement approach and the Manual on the measurement of volunteer work presented by the International Labour Organization. The first point of research was to analyse all the data necessary for the measurement. Lithuanian national account system (Statistics Lithuania) does not include the data on volunteer work, but only the data on labour force. It is evident that the recommendation given by the International Labour Organization to collect the data on volunteer work as additional to the labour force platform could be the cheapest way. But the political decision is still open to discussion. Despite the limited national official data the authors took the data from the Public Opinion Analysis sector of the European Commission. The value of GDP and value of average wage were taken from Statistics Lithuania. The number of volunteers has been taken from Standard Eurobarometer (73). The number of hours volunteered through organizations comes from Second European Quality of Life Survey Participation volunteering and unpaid work. The main disadvantage of this study is the measurement that is based on average wage only, excluding the data in different sectors. Lack of data causes this limitation. Application of cost replacement approach shows that 339569 volunteers worked 1 213 9585 full working days, which makes 47794 full time equivalents, and financial replacement value correspond to 1 406 249 480 litas (40728000 EURO), or 1,5 % of GDP into 2010. [.].

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments to urgently seek effective solutions in response to the crisis. COVID-19 crisis response policies have been shaped by adapting crisis management models to public health management, or by developing new, unique response approaches and tools. The research has found that the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is unique and distinctive in many respects. It is classified as a crisis of 'low probability but high impact', taking into account the effects on health and social security systems and other areas of public administration. Thus, it has not been easy for the authorities to find, develop and implement effective measures to overcome the crisis. The qualitative study found that front-line staff have exceptionally high workloads and a lack of resources, and there is considerable uncertainty about the implementation of crisis management policies. Some epidemic management measures limit their direct contact with customers. In addition, the COVID-19 epidemic has introduced many negative contextual factors.

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments to urgently seek effective solutions in response to the crisis. COVID-19 crisis response policies have been shaped by adapting crisis management models to public health management, or by developing new, unique response approaches and tools. The research has found that the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is unique and distinctive in many respects. It is classified as a crisis of 'low probability but high impact', taking into account the effects on health and social security systems and other areas of public administration. Thus, it has not been easy for the authorities to find, develop and implement effective measures to overcome the crisis. The qualitative study found that front-line staff have exceptionally high workloads and a lack of resources, and there is considerable uncertainty about the implementation of crisis management policies. Some epidemic management measures limit their direct contact with customers. In addition, the COVID-19 epidemic has introduced many negative contextual factors.

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments to urgently seek effective solutions in response to the crisis. COVID-19 crisis response policies have been shaped by adapting crisis management models to public health management, or by developing new, unique response approaches and tools. The research has found that the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is unique and distinctive in many respects. It is classified as a crisis of 'low probability but high impact', taking into account the effects on health and social security systems and other areas of public administration. Thus, it has not been easy for the authorities to find, develop and implement effective measures to overcome the crisis. The qualitative study found that front-line staff have exceptionally high workloads and a lack of resources, and there is considerable uncertainty about the implementation of crisis management policies. Some epidemic management measures limit their direct contact with customers. In addition, the COVID-19 epidemic has introduced many negative contextual factors.